ASTM F2040
The primary U.S. standard for recreational snow sports helmets, established by the American Society for Testing and Materials.
Helmets certified under ASTM F2040 are tested for:
Impact attenuation: Drop tests at multiple speeds and angles simulate collisions with ice, snow, or trees. Helmets must limit the G-forces transferred to the head to below set thresholds.
Retention system strength: Straps must hold firm under tension without breaking or slipping.
Roll-off resistance: The helmet cannot shift or roll off the head during an impact.
ASTM testing takes place in sub-zero environments (−20 °C) to replicate cold-weather crashes. Helmets that pass receive an internal ASTM mark, typically found on a label inside the liner.
EN 1077 A & B
The EN 1077 standard governs helmets for alpine skiers and snowboarders within the European Union.
There are two classes:
Class A: Maximum coverage (ears, sides, and back). These helmets offer the highest impact resistance and penetration protection, ideal for racing or high-speed riders.
Class B: Lighter construction with improved ventilation but slightly reduced coverage. Common for freestyle and all-mountain use.
EN 1077 testing includes:
Penetration resistance: Drop tests with pointed objects (simulating poles, branches, or ice chunks).
Impact absorption: Drop tests onto flat and hemispherical anvils at different temperatures (room and −20 °C).
Retention system durability: Chin straps and buckles must withstand sudden forces.